abstract：:Using a multitreatment withdrawal design, this study evaluated the differential effects of publicly posted plus verbal feedback, goal setting plus verbal feedback, and publicly posted feedback, verbal feedback, and goal setting together on the performance of 3 collegiate football players in practice scrimmages. Also a...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Smith SL,Ward P

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Results of longitudinal studies suggest that the stability of preferences varies across individuals, although it is unclear what variables account for these differences. We extended this work by conducting periodic assessments of preference for leisure activities over 3 to 6 months with 10 adults with developmental di...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Hanley GP,Iwata BA,Roscoe EM

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two young boys with autism who used the picture exchange communication system were taught to solve problems (improvise) by using descriptors (functions, colors, and shapes) to request desired items for which specific pictures were unavailable. The results of a multiple baseline across descriptors showed that training ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Marckel JM,Neef NA,Ferreri SJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavior analysis has been at the forefront in establishing effective treatments for children and adults with chronic tic disorders. As is customary in behavior analysis, the efficacy of these treatments has been established using direct-observation assessment methods. Although behavior-analytic treatments have enjoye...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Himle MB,Chang S,Woods DW,Pearlman A,Buzzella B,Bunaciu L,Piacentini JC

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We compared the effects of a high-probability (high-p) instruction sequence and a fixed-time (FT) schedule of reinforcement on the compliance of 2 typically developing children. A multielement experimental design with a reversal component was implemented according to a multiple baseline across participants arrangement...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Bullock C,Normand MP

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Florida Department of Transportation used a series of changeable-message signs that functioned as freeway guide signs to divert traffic to Universal Theme Park via one of two eastbound exits based on traffic congestion at the first of the two exits. An examination of crashes along the entire route indicated a stat...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Van Houten R,Malenfant JE,Zhao N,Ko B,Van Houten J

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated the effects of multiple treatment procedures, including simultaneous presentation of preferred foods, on the packing behavior of a 9-year-old girl with autism. A reversal design was used to assess the effects of differential reinforcement with response cost alone and with simultaneous presentation. In add...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Buckley SD,Newchok DK

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We conducted an analogue functional analysis contrasting motor tasks with varying types of social consequences for movements associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD) in 2 men who had been diagnosed with developmental disabilities and TD. Our findings suggest that TD-related movements were not a function of social reinf...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Valdovinos MG,Roberts C,Kennedy CH

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study evaluated the effects of a lag differential reinforcement contingency on 2 students' activity selections using reversal designs. Results showed that the lag contingency was responsible for promoting increased novel selections, engagement in diverse activities, and greater progress with respect to pro...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Cammilleri AP,Hanley GP

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The initial purpose of the present study was to replicate procedures for teaching preschool children to recruit attention at appropriate times by having an experimenter signal the availability and unavailability of attention (i.e., arrange a multiple schedule involving reinforcement and extinction; Tiger & Hanley, 200...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Tiger JH,Hanley GP

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study compared the copy, cover, and compare method to a picture-word matching method for teaching sight word recognition. Participants were 5 kindergarten students with less than preprimer sight word vocabularies who were enrolled in a public school in the Pacific Northwest. A multielement design was used to eval...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Conley CM,Derby KM,Roberts-Gwinn M,Weber KP,McLaughlin TE

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to compare two methods designed to produce tic reduction in 4 children with Tourette's syndrome. Specifically, a verbal instruction not to engage in tics was compared to a verbal instruction plus differential reinforcement of zero-rate behavior (DRO). Results showed that the DRO-enhanced ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Woods DW,Himle MB

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) may result in rates of reinforcement that are impractical for caregivers to implement; therefore, recent research has examined methods for thinning reinforcer delivery during DRA. In this study, reinforcer delivery was thinned during DRA by restricting access to...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Roane HS,Fisher WW,Sgro GM,Falcomata TS,Pabico RR

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study examined the use of an instructional workshop for training educators to conduct functional analyses. Results indicated that 2 of 3 participants met the accuracy criterion following group training, whereas 1 participant required direct verbal feedback. During generalization probes, one participant acc...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Wallace MD,Doney JK,Mintz-Resudek CM,Tarbox RS

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study evaluated behavioral skills training (BST), in a multiple baseline across subjects design, for teaching firearm safety skills to 6 6- and 7-year-old children. Similar to previous research with 4- and 5-year-olds, half of the children acquired the safety skills following BST and half acquired the skills foll...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Miltenberger RG,Flessner C,Gatheridge B,Johnson B,Satterlund M,Egemo K

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This research replicated and extended a study by Williams, Donley, and Keller (2000). In that study, children with autism received a box with an object inside and learned to ask "What's that?," "Can I see it?," and "Can I have it?" to have the name of the object, to see the object, and to get the object, respectively....

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Williams G,Pérez-González LA,Vogt K

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We used a sequential approach to evaluate the relative and combined effects of different types of behavioral treatments, as well as dosage of methylphenidate (MPH), on the disruptive behavior of 3 students who had been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Results showed that individualized behavior...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Gulley V,Northup J,Hupp S,Spera S,LeVelle J,Ridgway A

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated video modeling and reinforcement for teaching perspective-taking skills to 3 children with autism using a multiple baseline design. Video modeling and reinforcement were effective; however, only 2 children were able to pass an untrained task, indicating limited generalization. The findings suggest that vi...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： LeBlanc LA,Coates AM,Daneshvar S,Charlop-Christy MH,Morris C,Lancaster BM

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two adults with mental retardation demonstrated the recombination of within-syllable units (onsets and rimes) using a spoken-to-printed-word matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure. Further testing with 1 participant showed comprehension of the printed words. Printed-word naming was minimal before, but greater after, compr...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Saunders KJ,O'Donnell J,Vaidya M,Williams DC

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Results of previous research on the effects of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) have been inconsistent when magnitude of reinforcement was manipulated. We attempted to clarify the influence of NCR magnitude by including additional controls. In Study 1, we examined the effects of reinforcer consumption time by compari...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Roscoe EM,Iwata BA,Rand MS

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A brief experimental analysis was used to evaluate the relative effectiveness of combining two consequences (contingent reinforcement or performance feedback) with an antecedent intervention (listening passage preview and repeated readings) on the oral reading fluency of 6 elementary students. The antecedent intervent...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Eckert TL,Ardoin SP,Daly EJ,Martens BK

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the effects of a treatment package on the performance of correct relay tags with 4 inline speed skaters. The treatment package included verbal praise following correct tags, visual feedback of performance data, and instruction for improving performance. Initial gains in the frequency of correct tags we...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Anderson G,Kirkpatrick MA

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An ABAB design was used to assess the effects of a tactile prompting device (i.e., a vibrating pager) as a prompt for the social initiations of 3 children with autism during free-play activities with typically developing peers. Results indicated that the tactile prompt was effective in increasing verbal initiations fo...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Shabani DB,Katz RC,Wilder DA,Beauchamp K,Taylor CR,Fischer KJ

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Variability has been shown to be a reinforceable dimension of behavior. One procedure that has been demonstrated to increase variability in basic research is the lag reinforcement schedule. On this type of schedule, a response is reinforced if it differs from a specified number of previous responses. Lag schedules are...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Lee R,McComas JJ,Jawor J

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some readers will view the article by Lerman and Vorndran as controversial. It is a review of existing basic and applied research on punishment and a call for additional research on punishment. The thesis of my commentary is that the paper should not be viewed as controversial. Punishment happens. To ignore a natural ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Vollmer TR

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We attempted to increase one aspect of self-determination among 3 supported workers with multiple disabilities. Following Baer's (1998) self-determination conceptualization, the workers were exposed to two conditions that involved working more versus less independently based on availability of assistive devices. Next,...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Reid DH,Parsons MB,Green CW,Browning LB

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-two individuals with developmental disabilities participated in two leisure-item preference assessments, spaced approximately 16 months apart. Results showed (a) an overall increase in item contact across assessments for 13 participants and (b) at least some overlap across assessments in the five most highly ra...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Zhou L,Iwata BA,Goff GA,Shore BA

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reinforcement contingencies and social reinforcement are ubiquitous phenomena in applied behavior analysis. This discussion paper is divided into two sections. In the first section, reinforcement contingencies are discussed in terms of the necessary and sufficient conditions for reinforcement effects. Response-stimulu...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Vollmer TR,Hackenberg TD

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differentially higher rates of aggression in treatment sessions occurred in the presence of two staff members who had previously worked with the participant at another facility. Adding an edible reinforcer for compliance and the absence of aggression in sessions conducted by these two staff members decreased aggressio...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Progar PR,North ST,Bruce SS,DiNovi BJ,Nau PA,Eberman EM,Bailey JR Jr,Nussbaum CN

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional analyses produced inconclusive results regarding variables that maintained problem behavior for 2 students with developmental disabilities. Procedures were modified to include a contingent physical restraint condition based on in-class observations. Results indicated that tinder conditions in which physical...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Magee SK,Ellis J

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated the extent to which discriminative stimuli (S(D)s) facilitate differential responding during multielement functional analyses. Eight individuals, all diagnosed with mental retardation and referred for assessment and treatment of self-injurious behavior (SIB) or aggression, participated. Functional analyse...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Conners J,Iwata BA,Kahng SW,Hanley GP,Worsdell AS,Thompson RH

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of choice and no choice of reinforcer on the response rates of 3 children with autism were compared across single-operant and concurrent-schedule procedures. No consistent differences in responding between choice and no-choice components emerged during single-operant phases. During the concurrent-schedule ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Geckeler AS,Libby ME,Graff RB,Ahearn WH

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined the use of a progressive delay procedure combined with verbal mediation to teach self-control to children with attention deficit disorder. Results showed that when participants were initially given the choice between an immediate smaller reinforcer and a larger delayed reinforcer, all participants ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Binder LM,Dixon MR,Ghezzi PM

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:We evaluated the effects of a response-effort intervention on the occurrence of self-injurious hand mouthing and a competing response (object manipulation) with 4 individuals who had profound developmental disabilities. During Phase 1, results of functional analyses showed that all participants engaged in hi...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Zhou L,Goff GA

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The generality of the findings reported by DeLeon, Iwata, and Roscoe (1997) was examined by conducting two stimulus-choice preference assessments, the second of which evaluated low-ranked items from the initial assessment. Results for the 2 participants suggested that supplementary assessments of low-ranked items may ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Taravella CC,Lerman DC,Contrucci SA,Roane HS

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We evaluated one method for determining whether response suppression under noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is a function of satiation or extinction. Three individuals with developmental disabilities who engaged in self-injurious behavior (SIB) or aggression participated. Results of functional analyses indicated that...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Kahng SW,Iwata BA,Thompson RH,Hanley GP

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) consists of delivering a reinforcer on a time-based schedule, independent of responding. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of NCR as treatment for problem behavior have used fixed-time (FT) schedules of reinforcement. In this study, the efficacy of NCR with variable-time (VT) sched...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Van Camp CM,Lerman DC,Kelley ME,Contrucci SA,Vorndran CM

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Senior drivers are vulnerable to automobile crashes and subsequent injury and death. Safety belts reduce health risks associated with auto crashes. Therefore, it is important to encourage senior drivers to wear safety belts while driving. Using an AB design, replicated five times, we evaluated the short- and long-term...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Cox BS,Cox AB,Cox DJ

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of prior attention was systematically manipulated to study its influence on rates of yelling and head hitting, both maintained by positive reinforcement in the form of attention. Higher levels of head hitting occurred in analogue attention conditions when the person was deprived of attention (no social inte...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： O'Reilly MF

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the extent to which variations in session duration affected the outcomes of functional analyses. Forty-six individuals, all diagnosed with mental retardation and referred for assessment and treatment of self-injurious or aggressive behavior, participated in functional analyses, consisting of repeated expos...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Wallace MD,Iwata BA

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00